Risk Prediction in Clinical Practice: A Practical Guide for Cardiothoracic Surgeons

The prediction of a patient’s risk for disease, death, or morbidity has become an ever more essential part of modern clinical care. Guidelines for clinical management are often dependent on risk estimates. As such, it is imperative that surgeons understand how to properly use and evaluate risk estimates and the models that underlie them. Making matters more complex, an expanding number of risk prediction models are now available to cardiothoracic surgeons.