The “TIDE”-Algorithm for the Weaning of Patients With Cardiogenic Shock and Temporarily Mechanical Left Ventricular Support With Impella Devices

Percutaneous Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale to Prevent Paradoxical Thromboembolism in a Patient With a Continuous-Flow LVAD

Strategies to diagnose PFO at the time of LVAD implantation and physiological implications of a right-to-left atrial shunt during mechanical unloading of the failing left ventricle are reviewed.