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The association with cardiac surgery with cognitive decline was first reported in the 1960s after the introduction of coronary artery surgery. The incidence in cognitive decline was thought to be more after cardiac surgery, especially with the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass.
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The prediction of a patient’s risk for disease, death, or morbidity has become an ever more essential part of modern clinical care.
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Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Oxidative Stress
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with the activation of different coagulation, proinflammatory, survival cascades and altered redox state.
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