The Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Changes in Size and Shape from Pre- to Post-Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography
The LVOT is smaller and more elliptical after CPB. Patients with AS have a smaller LVOT compared with non-AS patients. LVOTa calculated using LVOTd underestimates the 3D LVOTa-plan by as much as 23% depending on patient type and timing of measurement. Accurate assessment of the LVOT requires 3D imaging.