The ABC’s of Diabetes

When we eat food, part of it is turned into glucose (sugar), which helps provide energy to the cells in our bodies. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas (an organ in the abdomen), helps glucose get into cells. When a person has diabetes mellitus (the term literally means “excessive sweet urine”), his or her body either does not make enough insulin or is unable to properly use the insulin it makes. 
Diabetes is a serious disease that affects approximately 16 million individuals
in the United States and can lead to disability and even death.

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus (sometimes called insulin-dependent diabetes) accounts for 5% to 10% of all diabetes and may be caused by genetic, immune system, or environmental factors. People appear to be born with a tendency for this type of diabetes, which usually appears by the early teen years.
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (sometimes called adult-onset diabetes) is the most common type, accounting for 90% to 95% of all cases. Risk factors include being overweight, being physically inactive, and having family members with diabetes.
• Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnant women and often disappears after pregnancy. This type can pose risks to the unborn fetus and needs to be managed throughout pregnancy.

At present, there is no way to cure or prevent type 1 diabetes. However, recent research has shown that type 2 diabetes can be controlled and possibly prevented
by weight loss and regular exercise. For both types of diabetes, maintaining good control of blood sugar can reduce serious complications that affect the heart, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels.

• Weight: Keep your weight to a recommended range in proportion to your height. Your physician can tell you what a good weight is for you.
• Healthy eating: Plan meals ahead and balance food intake with insulin intake as directed by your doctor. Keep your diet low in fatty foods and high in foods that contain fiber, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Physical activity: Stay physically active and be sure to exercise regularly—for example, walking briskly for 30 to 60 minutes at least 3 times a week. Check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.
• Medications: If you have diabetes, take all medications, including insulin, as prescribed by your doctor, and check your glucose levels regularly, as advised by your doctor.
• Tobacco: Don’t smoke. If you already use tobacco, consult your doctor for help in quitting.

Although diabetes is a serious disease, patients who take good care of themselves and follow their doctor’s orders can lead long, healthy lives.

American Diabetes Association

800/342-2383

www.diabetes.org

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
(National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse)

800/860-8747

www.niddk.nih.gov

American Association of Diabetes Educators

800/338-3633

www.aadenet.org