Role of Cytokines in Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced Ventricular Dysfunction in a Porcine Model (EP Video)

Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding in Adult Cardiac Surgery

Perioperative bleeding is common among patients undergoing cardiac surgery; however, the definition of perioperative bleeding is variable and lacks standardization. We propose a universal definition for perioperative bleeding (UDPB) in adult cardiac surgery in an attempt to precisely describe and quantify bleeding and to facilitate future investigation into this difficult clinical problem.