Pulsatile Versus Nonpulsatile Flow During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Extent of Hemolysis and Clinical Significance

This study was used to determine whether technically innovative cardiac surgical platforms (i.e., robotics) deployed in conjunction with surgical process improvement (systems innovation) influence total hospital costs to address the concern that expanding adoption might increase health care expenses.

To investigate the in vivo effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and perioperative hemodilution on human skeletal muscle oxygen delivery and metabolism and to determine the dilution state at which these effects arise.