The developed technology for the use of inhaled NO in surgery with CPB provides a clinically marked protective effect on the heart and lungs. The effectiveness of the protective action of NO depends on the duration of its administration and is most pronounced when used during the entire operation, including CPB time.
This review provides an overview of hemostatic alterations, anticoagulation, monitoring and management, novel anticoagulant use, and circuit modifications for neonatal ECMO. Future considerations are also presented.
Heater-Cooler units (HCUs) supply tempered water through blood heat exchangers and through warming/cooling blankets to control the body temperature of heart surgery patients.