Heparin Coated Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits Selectively Deplete the Pattern Recognition Molecule Ficolin-2 of the Lectin Complement Pathway in Vivo

The complement system can be activated via the lectin pathway by the
recognition molecules mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and the ficolins.
Ficolin-2 exhibits binding against a broad range of ligands including
biomaterials in vitro and low Ficolin-2 levels are associated with
increased risk of infections. Thus, we investigated the biocompatibility
of the recognition molecules of the lectin pathway in two different
types of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. Blood were drawn at five time
points before, during and post-operatively from 30 patients undergoing
elective cardiac surgery. Patients were randomized in two groups using
different coatings of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits, Phisio®
(phosporylcholine polymer coating) and Bioline® (albumin-heparin
coating). Concentrations of MBL, Ficolin-1, -2 and -3 and soluble C3a
and terminal complement complex (TCC) in plasma samples were measured.
Ficolin-3 mediated complement activation potential was evaluated with
C4, C3 and TCC as output. There was no significant difference between
the two circuit materials regarding MBL, Ficolin-1 and -3. In the
Bioline® group the Ficolin-2 levels significantly decreased after
initiation of surgery (P<0.0001) and remained reduced throughout the sampling period. This was not seen for Phisio® coated circuits. Ficolin-3 mediated complement activation potential was significantly reduced in both groups after start of operation (P<0.0001), whereas soluble C3a and TCC in the samples were increased (P<0.0001). Ficolin-2 was depleted from plasma during cardiac surgery when using heparin coated bypass circuits and did not reach base line level 24 hours post-operation. These findings may have implications for the postoperative susceptibility to infections in patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation procedures.