In summary, the generation and delivery of microemboli during CPB procedures are multifactorial and multidisciplinary. Therefore, the solutions to this significant problem should also be multidisciplinary. Optimization of CPB circuitry and techniques are necessary to minimize intraoperative injuries during pediatric cardiac surgery.
With the support of experts from USA, Europe and Canada the results in Latin America ELSO'S centers are improving by following its guidelines for training, and using a standard educational process.
The importance of hypothermic DO2i should be highlighted, even when SvO2 was satisfactory. A lower threshold of DO2i > 269 mL min−1 m−2 may help protect neonates from the risk of postoperative AKI.
