Excessive Bleeding and Transfusion in a Prior Cardiac Surgery is Associated With Excessive Bleeding and Transfusion in the Next Surgery

Background: If there is a genetic predisposition to excessive bleeding, there should be an association in excessive blood loss between multiple cardiac surgeries.

Methods: We retrospectively determined in 174 patients the association of excessive bleeding between 2 cardiac surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass between January 19, 1990 and June 25, 2002. Excessive bleeding was defined by 2 criteria: (a) postoperating room chest tube blood loss over 24 h more than or equal to 750 mL (chest tube drainage [CTD] > or = 750) and (b) transfusion of any non-red blood cell (RBC) blood products. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between excessive bleeding at the first and second cardiac procedures. The logistic regression models for CTD > or = 750 in the second surgery determined that CTD > or = 750 in the first surgery compared to CTD < 750 had an unadjusted odds ratio of 2.18 (P = 0.03) and an odds ratio of 2.42 (P = 0.03) when adjusted for age, sex, body surface area, preoperative anticoagulant use, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, and procedure type at second surgery.

Results: The logistic regression model for any non-RBC use in the second surgery determined that any non-RBC use in the first surgery compared with no non-RBC use had an unadjusted odds ratio of 2.32 (P = 0.02) and an odds ratio of 2.55 (P = 0.02) when adjusted for age, sex, body surface area, preoperative anticoagulant use, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, and procedure type at second surgery.

Conclusion: We conclude that a history of excessive bleeding during the first operation is associated with more than two times increased risk for excessive bleeding in the second surgery.