Postoperative hemorrhagic complications is still one of the major problems in cardiac surgeries. It may be caused by surgical issues, coagulopathy caused by the side effects of the intravenous fluids administered to produce plasma volume expansion such as hydroxyl ethyl starch (HES).
Comparison of pulmonary outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) vs on-pump coronary artery grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass (CABG/CPB).
