Clinical Effectiveness of Leukocyte Filtration During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that leukocyte filtration during pulmonary reperfusion preserves pulmonary function and results in improved oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODS: In a prospective, randomized study, the treatment group consisted of 20 patients with COPD from consecutive open-heart procedures. A primed leukocyte filter was connected to the arterial line downstream of the standard arterial filter but was excluded from circulation. Circulated blood was directed through the leukocyte filter approximately 10 minutes before aortic cross-clamp removal and at early reperfusion for up to 30 minutes. These patients were compared to 20 additional COPD patients (controls) on whom systemic leukocyte filtration was not used during open-heart surgery.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in gender, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, type of procedure, aortic cross-clamp time, perfusion time, preoperative FEV₁ and preoperative respiratory index (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio) between treatment and control groups. The respiratory index changed in the treatment group by +9.8% of baseline after completion of CPB, by –14.2% upon arrival in the intensive care unit (ICU), and by –19.6% 12 hours later, whereas in the control group, it changed by –14.5% (p < 0.05), –27.7%, and –24%, respectively. Leukocyte-depleted patients required shorter intubation time (20.4 ± 16.1 hours), ICU stay (46.2 ± 40.1 hours) and length of hospitalization (8.3 ± 2.8 days) than controls (29.5 ± 21.9 hours, p < 0.05; 75.5 ± 34.9 hours, p < 0.005; and 10.4 ± 3.5 days, p < 0.05, respectively). Surgical (30-day) mortality was zero in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS: In COPD patients having CPB, systemic leukocyte depletion at early reperfusion was associated with better oxygenation, shorter intubation time, and shorter ICU and hospital stays. Leukocyte filtration during CPB most likely preserves pulmonary function by ameliorating pulmonary reperfusion injury.