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We conclude that leucocyte filtration of the residual heart-lung machine blood reduced systemic leucocyte counts, but did not improve arterial blood oxygenation in children after congenital heart surgery.

The history of direct myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass dates to 1961 in the dawn of coronary artery surgery. With the introduction and development of techniques of extracorporeal circulation around the same time, beating heart surgery was largely abandoned.

Despite many years of clinical and experimental research, the contribution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest to morbidity and mortality following cardiac surgery remains unclear.

Arterial OPCAB patients have less extensive CAD, but more severe symptoms.

When off-pump coronary artery bypass is impossible and retrograde cardioplegia cannot be performed for a certain reason, this method may be set to one of the choices.

This review describes current indications for the use of these devices, the types of pumps now available, criteria for initiating ventricular assist device support, complications of their use, and new applications such as a platform for stem cell therapy for treatment of end-stage heart failure.

Increased INO is associated with greater postoperative mortality and morbidity.

The bearingless CentriMag blood pump is a safe and reliable new device that produces only minimal hemolysis.

Improved insight into the etiology of HTN associated with pediatric VV ECMO, including evaluation of the renin-angiotensin system, would help guide therapy.

Dexamethasone administration before CPB has no protective effect on perioperative renal dysfunction in low-risk cardiac surgical patients.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a central mediator of inflammatory response and acute lung injury that is secreted in response to corticosteroids.

There is no reduction of AF rate in myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass.