This review will summarize the current understanding of blood transfusion in the neurosurgical patient, as well as other blood component therapies and blood conservation strategies.
The patient subsequently suffered a severe protamine reaction that was successfully managed. A review of the literature of similar patients and the relevant cellular and biochemical mechanisms in this setting are presented, with potential therapeutic approaches to prevent such complications noted.
Patients with persistent hyperoxia had a higher incidence of AKI than those with transient hyperoxia. Further studies are required to determine potential underlying mechanisms.