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In this review, the most attractive strategies and the current mechanistic concepts are introduced and discussed. Furthermore, we present clinical trials evaluating the feasibility of preconditioning in the clinical setting.
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Toll-like Receptor 9 and the Inflammatory Response to Surgical Trauma and Cardiopulmonary Bypass
CPB, surgical trauma and ischemic perfusion injury trigger the release of circulating mtDNA that activates TLR-9, in turn stimulating a release of IL-6. Therefore, TLR-9 antagonists may attenuate this response and may provide a future therapeutic target whereby the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery may be manipulated to improve clinical outcomes.
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Longest Incubation Period of Mycobacterium Chimaera Infection After Cardiac Surgery.
The present experience indicates that all patients who underwent open heart procedures since 2006 with such heater–cooler unit model should be closely followed up regardless of time of index surgery.
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