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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Perioperative Period of Cardiac Surgery: Predictors, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Management Options, and Future Directions
More research in the setting of ARDS after cardiac surgery is needed at multiple levels (risk factors, diagnosis, treatment options). Prevention of lung injury appears to be of the utmost importance, and a better characterization of the risk factors is needed. Avoiding excessive perioperative transfusions and the optimization of ventilation and hemodynamics seem to be the most modifiable risk factors. In patients who develop ARDS after cardiac surgery, extracorporeal techniques may represent a valid choice in experienced hands. The use of NMBAs, prone positioning, and iNO can be considered on a case-by-case basis, whereas aggressive lung recruitment and oscillatory ventilation probably should be avoided.
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Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion Attenuates Brain Metabolic Deficit in Aortic Arch Surgery
SACP attenuates the metabolic changes seen after HCA. Further studies are required to assess optimal perfusion conditions and clinical outcome.
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A Survey of Patient Blood Management for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery in Nine European Countries
PBM guidelines are not universally implemented in European cardiac surgery centres or countries, resulting in discrepancies in techniques and products used for a given clinical situation.
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