Protecting the Infant Brain During Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
Prevention of brain injury during congenital heart surgery has focused on intraoperative and perioperative neuroprotection and neuromonitoring.
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Hybrid Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Veno-venous (VV) and veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is widely used in critically ill patients with refractory cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest or suffering from severe respiratory failure. Besides traditional ECMO cannulation, changes in patients' conditions or the occurrence of specific complications (i.e., cerebral hypoxia or left ventricular dilation) may require modifications in cannulation strategies or the combination of ECMO with additional invasive or minimally invasive procedures, to improve organ function and ECMO efficiency.
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